Mail Exchange (MX) records are DNS settings that specify the mail servers responsible for receiving email for a domain.
Redundancy (having more than one MX server) ensures that if one server fails, another can still receive incoming emails, preventing downtime.
Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is a TXT record that lists authorized IP addresses allowed to send emails on behalf of your domain.
DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance) tells receiving servers what to do if an email fails SPF or DKIM checks.
The grade is based on the presence of redundant MX records, valid SPF configuration, and a protective DMARC policy.